This review focuses on the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers (NCs) and the physical properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting strategies used to specifically deliver molecules of interest to specific lesions. This review discusses these products, explains the simple selection of high-performance and active methods, and illustrates this with examples of drugs that are focused on clinical research or treatment. The last few years have seen an increase in targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Although many trials have been completed, only a few targets of nanocarriers have been approved for clinical use, and no interaction with nanoparticles has been confirmed. Here we review the details of these two processes and their effects on the tumor microenvironment. We also focus on the limitations and advantages of each system at both laboratory and commercial scales. The current article discusses how NC and enhanced access and retention affect passive targeting.