ALOPECIA REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY PATHOGENESIS AND NOVEL TREATMENT STRATEGIES

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2019(IV-I).03      10.31703/gpsr.2019(IV-I).03      Published : Dec 2019
Authored by : Sobia Noreen , Fahad Pervaiz , Irsah Maqbool , Madiha Saleem

03 Pages : 20-27

References

  • Aghaei, S. (2008). An uncontrolled, open label study of sulfasalazine in severe alopecia areata. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, 74(6), 611.
  • Aghaei, A., Alsantali, A., Wang, E., McElwee, K. J., & Shapiro, J. (2010). Alopecia areata update: part I. Clinical picture, histopathology, and pathogenesis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 62(2), 177-188.
  • Batalla, A., Flórez, Á., Abalde, T., & Vázquez-Veiga, H. (2016). Methotrexate in alopecia areata: A report of three cases. International journal of trichology, 8(4), 188.
  • Bhat, Y., Sajad, P., & Hassan, I. (2014). Etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata. Hair Ther Transplant, 4(1000124), 2167-0951.1000125.
  • Cotsarelis, G., Sun, T.-T., & Lavker, R. M. (1990). Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis. Cell, 61(7), 1329-1337.
  • Darwin, E., Hirt, P. A., Fertig, R., Doliner, B., Delcanto, G., & Jimenez, J. J. (2018). Alopecia areata: Review of epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and new treatment options. International journal of trichology, 10(2), 51.
  • El Taieb, M. A., Ibrahim, H., Nada, E. A., & Seif Al-Din, M. (2017). Platelets rich plasma versus minoxidil 5 Percent in treatment of alopecia areata: a trichoscopic evaluation. Dermatologic therapy, 30(1), e12437.
  • Ellis, J. A., Sinclair, R., & Harrap, S. B. (2002). Androgenetic alopecia: pathogenesis and potential for therapy. Expert reviews in molecular medicine, 2(1), 1-11.
  • Farshi, S., Mansouri, P., Safar, F., & Khiabanloo, S. R. (2010). Could azathioprine be considered as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of alopecia areata? A pilot study. International journal of dermatology, 49(10), 1188-1193.
  • Fricke, A. C. V., & Miteva, M. (2015). Epidemiology and burden of alopecia areata: a systematic review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 397.
  • Gilhar, A., Etzioni, A., & Paus, R. (2012). Alopecia areata. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(16), 1515-1525.
  • Hammerschmidt, M., & Mulinari Brenner, F. (2014). Efficacy and safety of methotrexate in alopecia areata. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 89(5), 729-734.
  • Jiménez, F., & Poblet, E. (2013). Is hair transplantation indicated in frontal fibrosing alopecia? The results of test grafting in three patients. Dermatologic Surgery, 39(7), 1115- 1118.
  • Johnstone, M. A., & Albert, D. M. (2002). Prostaglandin-induced hair growth. Survey of ophthalmology, 47, S185-S202.
  • Kar, B. R., Handa, S., Dogra, S., & Kumar, B. (2005). Placebo-controlled oral pulse prednisolone therapy in alopecia areata. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(2), 287-290.
  • Kim, B. J., Uk min, S., Park, K. Y., Choi, J. W., Park, S. W., Youn, S. W., . . . Huh, C. H. (2008). Combination therapy of cyclosporine and methylprednisolone on severe alopecia areata. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 19(4), 216-220.
  • Kretzschmar, K., Cottle, D. L., Schweiger, P. J., & Watt, F. M. (2015). The androgen receptor antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin signaling in epidermal stem cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 135(11), 2753-2763.
  • Kumaresan, M. (2010). Intralesional steroids for alopecia areata. International journal of trichology, 2(1), 63.
  • Lee, H. H., Gwillim, E., Patel, K. R., Hua, T., Rastogi, S., Ibler, E., & Silverberg, J. I. (2020). Epidemiology of alopecia areata, ophiasis, totalis, and universalis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 82(3), 675-682.
  • Madani, S., & Shapiro, J. (2000). Alopecia areata update. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 42(4), 549-566.
  • Mirzoyev, S. A., Schrum, A. G., Davis, M. D., & Torgerson, R. R. (2014). Lifetime incidence risk of Alopecia Areata estimated at 2.1 percent by Rochester Epidemiology Project, 1990-2009. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 134(4), 1141.
  • Motofei, I. G., Rowland, D. L., Georgescu, S. R., Tampa, M., Baconi, D., Stefanescu, E., . . . Paunica, S. (2016). Finasteride adverse effects in subjects with androgenic alopecia: A possible therapeutic approach according to the lateralization process of the brain. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 27(6), 495-497.
  • Mubki, T., Rudnicka, L., Olszewska, M., & Shapiro, J. (2014a). Evaluation and diagnosis of the hair loss patient: part I. History and clinical examination. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 71(3), 415. e411-415. e415.
  • Mubki, T., Rudnicka, L., Olszewska, M., & Shapiro, J. (2014b). Evaluation and diagnosis of the hair loss patient: part II. Trichoscopic and laboratory evaluations. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 71(3), 431. e431-431. e411.
  • Ohyama, M., Shimizu, A., Tanaka, K., & Amagai, M. (2010). Experimental evaluation of ebastine, a second-generation anti-histamine, as a supportive medication for alopecia areata. Journal of dermatological science, 58(2), 154- 157.
  • Perera, E., Yip, L., & Sinclair, R. (2014). Alopecia areata. Hair Ther Transplant, 4(1), 118.
  • Pervaiz, F., Saleem, M., Ashames, A., Rehmani, S., Qaiser, R., Noreen, S., & Murtaza, G. (2020). Development and ex-vivo skin permeation studies of finasteride-poly (lactic acid-co- glycolic acid) and minoxidil-chitosan nanoparticulate systems. Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, 35(2), 77-91.
  • Prager, N., Bickett, K., French, N., & Marcovici, G. (2002). A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-α- reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 8(2), 143-152.
  • Price, V. H. (2003). Therapy of alopecia areata: on the cusp and in the future. Paper presented at the Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings.
  • Rácz, E., Gho, C., Moorman, P., Noordhoek Hegt, V., & Neumann, H. (2013). Treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris: a systematic review. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 27(12), 1461-1470.
  • Samrao, A., Chew, A. L., & Price, V. (2010). Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a clinical review of 36 patients. British Journal of Dermatology, 163(6), 1296-1300.
  • Sinclair, R. (2002). Androgenetic alopecia: pathogenesis and potential for therapy.
  • Singh, G., & Lavanya, M. (2010). Topical immunotherapy in alopecia areata. International journal of trichology, 2(1), 36.
  • Tang, L., Cao, L., Pelech, S., Lui, H., & Shapiro, J. (2003). Cytokines and Signal Transduction Pathways Mediated by Anthralin in Alopecia Areata-Affected Dundee ExperimentalBalding Rats. Paper presented at the Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings.
  • Thornton, M., Taylor, A. H., Mulligan, K., Al-Azzawi, F., Lyon, C. C., O'Driscoll, J., & Messenger, A. G. (2003). The distribution of estrogen receptor β is distinct to that of estrogen receptor α and the androgen receptor in human skin and the pilosebaceous unit. Paper presented at the Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings.
  • Van der Steen, P., & Happle, R. (1993). Topical immunotherapy of alopecia areata. Dermatologic clinics, 11(3), 619-622.
  • Wasserman, D., Guzman-Sanchez, D. A., Scott, K., & McMichael, A. (2007). Alopecia areata. International journal of dermatology, 46(2), 121-131.
  • Wu, S. Z., Wang, S., Ratnaparkhi, R., & Bergfeld, W. F. (2018). Treatment of pediatric alopecia areata with anthralin: A retrospective study of 37 patients. Pediatric Dermatology, 35(6), 817- 820.
  • Yip, L., & Sinclair, R. D. (2006). Antiandrogen therapy for androgenetic alopecia. Expert Review of Dermatology, 1(2), 261-269.
  • Zakaria, W., Passeron, T., Ostovari, N., Lacour, J.-P., & Ortonne, J.-P. (2004). 308-nm excimer laser therapy in alopecia areata. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 51(5), 837-838.

References

  • Aghaei, S. (2008). An uncontrolled, open label study of sulfasalazine in severe alopecia areata. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, 74(6), 611.
  • Aghaei, A., Alsantali, A., Wang, E., McElwee, K. J., & Shapiro, J. (2010). Alopecia areata update: part I. Clinical picture, histopathology, and pathogenesis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 62(2), 177-188.
  • Batalla, A., Flórez, Á., Abalde, T., & Vázquez-Veiga, H. (2016). Methotrexate in alopecia areata: A report of three cases. International journal of trichology, 8(4), 188.
  • Bhat, Y., Sajad, P., & Hassan, I. (2014). Etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata. Hair Ther Transplant, 4(1000124), 2167-0951.1000125.
  • Cotsarelis, G., Sun, T.-T., & Lavker, R. M. (1990). Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis. Cell, 61(7), 1329-1337.
  • Darwin, E., Hirt, P. A., Fertig, R., Doliner, B., Delcanto, G., & Jimenez, J. J. (2018). Alopecia areata: Review of epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and new treatment options. International journal of trichology, 10(2), 51.
  • El Taieb, M. A., Ibrahim, H., Nada, E. A., & Seif Al-Din, M. (2017). Platelets rich plasma versus minoxidil 5 Percent in treatment of alopecia areata: a trichoscopic evaluation. Dermatologic therapy, 30(1), e12437.
  • Ellis, J. A., Sinclair, R., & Harrap, S. B. (2002). Androgenetic alopecia: pathogenesis and potential for therapy. Expert reviews in molecular medicine, 2(1), 1-11.
  • Farshi, S., Mansouri, P., Safar, F., & Khiabanloo, S. R. (2010). Could azathioprine be considered as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of alopecia areata? A pilot study. International journal of dermatology, 49(10), 1188-1193.
  • Fricke, A. C. V., & Miteva, M. (2015). Epidemiology and burden of alopecia areata: a systematic review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 397.
  • Gilhar, A., Etzioni, A., & Paus, R. (2012). Alopecia areata. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(16), 1515-1525.
  • Hammerschmidt, M., & Mulinari Brenner, F. (2014). Efficacy and safety of methotrexate in alopecia areata. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 89(5), 729-734.
  • Jiménez, F., & Poblet, E. (2013). Is hair transplantation indicated in frontal fibrosing alopecia? The results of test grafting in three patients. Dermatologic Surgery, 39(7), 1115- 1118.
  • Johnstone, M. A., & Albert, D. M. (2002). Prostaglandin-induced hair growth. Survey of ophthalmology, 47, S185-S202.
  • Kar, B. R., Handa, S., Dogra, S., & Kumar, B. (2005). Placebo-controlled oral pulse prednisolone therapy in alopecia areata. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(2), 287-290.
  • Kim, B. J., Uk min, S., Park, K. Y., Choi, J. W., Park, S. W., Youn, S. W., . . . Huh, C. H. (2008). Combination therapy of cyclosporine and methylprednisolone on severe alopecia areata. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 19(4), 216-220.
  • Kretzschmar, K., Cottle, D. L., Schweiger, P. J., & Watt, F. M. (2015). The androgen receptor antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin signaling in epidermal stem cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 135(11), 2753-2763.
  • Kumaresan, M. (2010). Intralesional steroids for alopecia areata. International journal of trichology, 2(1), 63.
  • Lee, H. H., Gwillim, E., Patel, K. R., Hua, T., Rastogi, S., Ibler, E., & Silverberg, J. I. (2020). Epidemiology of alopecia areata, ophiasis, totalis, and universalis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 82(3), 675-682.
  • Madani, S., & Shapiro, J. (2000). Alopecia areata update. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 42(4), 549-566.
  • Mirzoyev, S. A., Schrum, A. G., Davis, M. D., & Torgerson, R. R. (2014). Lifetime incidence risk of Alopecia Areata estimated at 2.1 percent by Rochester Epidemiology Project, 1990-2009. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 134(4), 1141.
  • Motofei, I. G., Rowland, D. L., Georgescu, S. R., Tampa, M., Baconi, D., Stefanescu, E., . . . Paunica, S. (2016). Finasteride adverse effects in subjects with androgenic alopecia: A possible therapeutic approach according to the lateralization process of the brain. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 27(6), 495-497.
  • Mubki, T., Rudnicka, L., Olszewska, M., & Shapiro, J. (2014a). Evaluation and diagnosis of the hair loss patient: part I. History and clinical examination. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 71(3), 415. e411-415. e415.
  • Mubki, T., Rudnicka, L., Olszewska, M., & Shapiro, J. (2014b). Evaluation and diagnosis of the hair loss patient: part II. Trichoscopic and laboratory evaluations. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 71(3), 431. e431-431. e411.
  • Ohyama, M., Shimizu, A., Tanaka, K., & Amagai, M. (2010). Experimental evaluation of ebastine, a second-generation anti-histamine, as a supportive medication for alopecia areata. Journal of dermatological science, 58(2), 154- 157.
  • Perera, E., Yip, L., & Sinclair, R. (2014). Alopecia areata. Hair Ther Transplant, 4(1), 118.
  • Pervaiz, F., Saleem, M., Ashames, A., Rehmani, S., Qaiser, R., Noreen, S., & Murtaza, G. (2020). Development and ex-vivo skin permeation studies of finasteride-poly (lactic acid-co- glycolic acid) and minoxidil-chitosan nanoparticulate systems. Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, 35(2), 77-91.
  • Prager, N., Bickett, K., French, N., & Marcovici, G. (2002). A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-α- reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 8(2), 143-152.
  • Price, V. H. (2003). Therapy of alopecia areata: on the cusp and in the future. Paper presented at the Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings.
  • Rácz, E., Gho, C., Moorman, P., Noordhoek Hegt, V., & Neumann, H. (2013). Treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris: a systematic review. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 27(12), 1461-1470.
  • Samrao, A., Chew, A. L., & Price, V. (2010). Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a clinical review of 36 patients. British Journal of Dermatology, 163(6), 1296-1300.
  • Sinclair, R. (2002). Androgenetic alopecia: pathogenesis and potential for therapy.
  • Singh, G., & Lavanya, M. (2010). Topical immunotherapy in alopecia areata. International journal of trichology, 2(1), 36.
  • Tang, L., Cao, L., Pelech, S., Lui, H., & Shapiro, J. (2003). Cytokines and Signal Transduction Pathways Mediated by Anthralin in Alopecia Areata-Affected Dundee ExperimentalBalding Rats. Paper presented at the Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings.
  • Thornton, M., Taylor, A. H., Mulligan, K., Al-Azzawi, F., Lyon, C. C., O'Driscoll, J., & Messenger, A. G. (2003). The distribution of estrogen receptor β is distinct to that of estrogen receptor α and the androgen receptor in human skin and the pilosebaceous unit. Paper presented at the Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings.
  • Van der Steen, P., & Happle, R. (1993). Topical immunotherapy of alopecia areata. Dermatologic clinics, 11(3), 619-622.
  • Wasserman, D., Guzman-Sanchez, D. A., Scott, K., & McMichael, A. (2007). Alopecia areata. International journal of dermatology, 46(2), 121-131.
  • Wu, S. Z., Wang, S., Ratnaparkhi, R., & Bergfeld, W. F. (2018). Treatment of pediatric alopecia areata with anthralin: A retrospective study of 37 patients. Pediatric Dermatology, 35(6), 817- 820.
  • Yip, L., & Sinclair, R. D. (2006). Antiandrogen therapy for androgenetic alopecia. Expert Review of Dermatology, 1(2), 261-269.
  • Zakaria, W., Passeron, T., Ostovari, N., Lacour, J.-P., & Ortonne, J.-P. (2004). 308-nm excimer laser therapy in alopecia areata. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 51(5), 837-838.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Noreen, S., Pervaiz, F., & Maqbool, I. (2019). Alopecia: Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Novel Treatment Strategies. Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IV(I), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2019(IV-I).03

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Noreen, Sobia, Fahad Pervaiz, and Irsah Maqbool. 2019. "Alopecia: Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Novel Treatment Strategies." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IV (I): 20-27 doi: 10.31703/gpsr.2019(IV-I).03

HARVARD

    HARVARD : NOREEN, S., PERVAIZ, F. & MAQBOOL, I. 2019. Alopecia: Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Novel Treatment Strategies. Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IV, 20-27.

MHRA

    MHRA : Noreen, Sobia, Fahad Pervaiz, and Irsah Maqbool. 2019. "Alopecia: Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Novel Treatment Strategies." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IV: 20-27

MLA

    MLA : Noreen, Sobia, Fahad Pervaiz, and Irsah Maqbool. "Alopecia: Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Novel Treatment Strategies." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IV.I (2019): 20-27 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Noreen, Sobia, Pervaiz, Fahad, and Maqbool, Irsah (2019), "Alopecia: Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Novel Treatment Strategies", Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IV (I), 20-27

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Noreen, Sobia, Fahad Pervaiz, and Irsah Maqbool. "Alopecia: Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Novel Treatment Strategies." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review IV, no. I (2019): 20-27. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2019(IV-I).03